The Epic Poem - Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essay

  â â â â â â Beowulf is an epic sonnet. Why? Since (1) it is a long story work that relates the undertakings of an incredible legend and (2) it mirrors the estimations of the Anglo-Saxon society in which it was composed preceding 1000AD. This Old English sonnet in unrhymed, four-beat alliterative style describes, through the course of around 3200 refrains, the striking killing of two beasts, Grendel and his Mother, and a fire-mythical serpent, just as various other fearless deeds in lesser detail, by Beowulf, â€Å"the most grounded of men alive in that day, strong and noble,† â€Å"the great Geat.†Ã¢ Roberta Frank in â€Å"The Beowulf Poet’s Sense of History† considers the to be as â€Å"the combination of strict and chivalrous idealism† (Frank 59). Educator Tolkien in Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics states: â€Å"But in the inside we have a courageous figure of expanded proportions† (Tolkien 38). â€Å"That shrewd sailor† drove his warriors â€Å"on the waves† to Hrothgar’s Danish realm where the initial two undertakings occurred (â€Å"Herot, the splendid ring-lobby, is purged.†), winning the saint the best regard of the ruler (â€Å"You have by your deeds, accomplished popularity forever.†) and sovereign and individuals. More than â€Å"fifty winters† later the third extraordinary accomplishment happened in the Geat country where Beowulf was dominant as lord. This experience of outfitted battle against a fire mythical beast came about in the dragon’s passing as well as in that of the Scandinavian saint. Various different undertakings of the legend are introduced in lesser detail: â€Å"With my blade I slew nine ocean monsters,†Ã¢ â€Å"he had endure numerous battles,† â€Å"he vindicated Heardred’s death,† â€Å"He denied King Onela of life,† â€Å"I reimbursed Hygelac †¦ with my splendid sword,† â€Å"I was the enemy of Daghrefin,† and so forth. The sonnet legitimately asserts that Beowulf â€Å"performed the most well known de... ...the ten who abandoned their boss, stated, â€Å"At the brew seat he regularly gave you †¦ caps and armor.†  From the above it’s evident that copious proof sufficiently exhibits that Beowulf really mirrors the first millenial Anglo-Saxon culture in the poem’s protracted portrayal of the experiences of an incredible saint.  Book index Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990. Issue, Rosemary. â€Å"Beowulf  and Archaeology.† In TheBeowulf Poet, altered byDonald K. fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Straight to the point, Roberta. â€Å"The Beowulf Poet’s Sense of History.† In Beowulf †Modern Critical Interpretations, altered by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Tolkien, J.R.R.. â€Å"Beowulf :The Monsters and the Critics.† In TheBeowulf Poet, altered byDonald K. fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.

Brave new world Essay

Lenina, Foster and the Director all have been pre-adapted to consider themselves preferable and progressively astute over Betas, Delta, Gammas, and Epsilons, as do all Alpha’s. Furthermore, all things considered as Alpha’s are pre-molded to be progressively learned and socially better. This depicts an entrepreneur society with the various classes. Huxley getting from an upper-working class family this is justifiable. As opposed to 1984, everyone is moderately the equivalent. Proles and Party individuals are completely treated the equivalent and are managed with telescreens and thought police moving among them. The perspectives on Orwell have been diffused into the topic of 1984 just as Huxley’s into BNW, the distinction and differentiation being their perspectives. Huxley’s perspectives on a class framework and Orwell sees that a communist Britain would create considering Soviet Russia. At the point when further looking at the author’s style and topic of intuition for their characters, obviously they share generally similar standards. Orwell’s language and style shows that the Party individuals and proles are sub-intentionally prepared to accept the beliefs of the Party by promulgation. Banners, the two-minute despise, books, melodies and papers all uphold the Party standards and the individuals trust them for they have no different standards or beliefs with which to think about. They accept that the Party is directly in what it says. This alludes back to the proles not hosting an individual awareness away from gathering standards, as expressed by Winston in the concentrate. Their reasoning is fundamental and un-scholarly. Also, the deduction procedure in BNW is a come about because of preparing and molding. This time individuals are instructed in their rest (again sub-intentionally like in 1984) what to think and what goals/standards to hold. Their reasoning is technician and normalized which holds matches with the repairman manufacturing plants they were created in. Again it is the situation of two unique techniques delivering a similar outcome. The topic of the BNW remove shows humor which 1984 doesn't. The reality and procedure that prompts the Rocket Engineers possibly consistently being genuinely glad when remaining on their heads and that ‘Decanting trauma’ can happen in correlation with genuine birth injury. Both of these models from the concentrate are outlines of the diversion that Huxley infuses into the novel at a few interims. With 1984 there are no clever remarks at all thus the topic keeps, consistently, a demeanor of earnestness, while with BNW this quality of reality, as a progressive novel, is parted from time to time by the cleverness. A primary difference that the two concentrates feature is the perfect of what the two universes are endeavoring towards and are. In 1984 Winston depicts the Party’s extreme point as; â€Å"The perfect set up by the Party was something tremendous, awful and sparkling †a universe of steel and cement, of colossal machines†¦ †a nation†¦ All reasoning similar considerations, yelling similar mottos, unendingly working, battling, triumphing and oppressing †300,000,000 individuals all with a similar face. † This holds extraordinary equals to the world that Huxley makes in Brave New World. An existence where everybody has a similar face resembling with the mass creating of individuals that all copy; yelling similar trademarks, resembling with the rest instructed colloquialisms that everybody has a form of, regardless of whether you’re an Alpha or Epsilon, a universe of steel and cement resembling with the immense tremendous urban communities of BNW. It appears that 1984 is where an administration is endeavoring to change the past and accomplish an alternate world, while BNW is a world glad for its past and of continuing its reality. The two are careful contrary energies; BNW being what the Party is attempting to make. The significance of the two concentrates in the books is high in that they are intended to stun the peruser. Huxley’s portrayal of the assembling of individuals and Orwell’s depiction of a world that controls everything (even the past) and makes its kin think whatever they like. The two concentrates make a world where the story is permitted to create, they are the dirt from which the seed is intended to develop. The 1984 concentrate has an additional level to its significance as it shows that as of now Winston is a piece of the undead. It shows that Winston is doing precisely what he’s shouldn't be and that if/when he is gotten, the Party have grounds on which to disintegrate him. It shows the re-happening guideline in the novel that demise is sure, and life isn't. It shows that any possibility of Orwell’s world changing, the Party being toppled, is non-existent as any possibility must lie in the proles however: â€Å"Until they become cognizant they will never revolt, and until after they have revolted they can't get cognizant. † This equals with BNW as nobody there either wishes to change things, as they are content with their present life. The two concentrates make these two universes of incredible persecution whether its occupants acknowledge it or not and the topic that runs all through the correlation of the two books and concentrates is the equivalent; that Orwell and Huxley both accomplish generally something very similar through various strategies. The two of them accomplish universes of mistreatment and stun just through various genuine situations; as they did with making it that everybody thinks what the specialists needs them to think and that they have no enthusiasm for testing this or some other part of their reality. This being the situation and the two creators making these future universes of stun and shock are imperative to the books as this is the thing that makes the books so progressive for their time.

Is There An Essay Writing Help For Me?

Is There An Essay Writing Help For Me?The purpose of essay writing help is to assist you in completing your assignments. If you need help with essay writing, be sure to consult an essay writer or tutor because their skills are priceless.There are many students that are taking courses that require a good amount of writing ability to learn and apply this to a new teaching environment. Essay writing help may be required to help the students get a good grade.If you are having trouble with the writing part of the assignment, make sure you call your teacher or school administrator for assistance. They can give you homework to complete, or they can refer you to someone who can assist you. Be sure to ask for a free essay writing help prior to trying to write anything.Essay writing help is available to students of all ages and levels of learning ability. It is not difficult to find this type of help online as there are websites that offer these services. If you want to get the best help possi ble for your essay writing you should not pay for a book or other material.The student should be able to determine the type of essay writing help and then determine which is most appropriate for their situation. This will provide you with the best result when it comes to receiving the best essay writing help possible.In some cases, essay writing help can be acquired for free. There are websites that offer this service for free as well as pay services. Many of these sites offer paid services as well and only charge you if you decide to take advantage of their services.In order to get the best essay writing help, you should learn how to identify the skill level of the individual that you are seeking essay writing help from. It is always best to know the writing ability level before attempting to speak with any tutor or person for that matter.A good note to remember is that if you want the best possible help possible you should always ask for the help you need to succeed. Never take an yone's word for it that they can help you. If you do, you may find that your grades suffer and your professors are upset with you!

The Increasing Popularity Of Fast Food - 1602 Words

In our current economic state, people are always looking for what is most convenient to them. The lifestyle of Americans has changed into a fast paced and overwhelming schedule which means that people are looking to fulfill their needs in ways that are affordable and easily accessible. This involves the increasing popularity of fast food restaurants. The increased rate of diabetes and obesity has become a result of people choosing to consume fast food more than they should. A solution to this issue is implementing a large tax on the company’s products. By having a significant increase in fast food tax, it will h and suggest a healthier lifestyle. Advertisements for these fast food chains are literally everywhere. They have endless amounts of commercials on television, on the radio, and also on the internet. With several fast food establishments in every town, it seems there is nearly a Jack in the Box, or McDonald’s on every block. Most of them are open twenty four hours of the day which makes it the easiest and most convenient food option. They always have a â€Å"value menu† or â€Å"dollar menu† which gives consumers the best deal for what they pay. Although it is cheap, the negative effects seem to out-weigh the positives when it comes to health. Choosing to eat fast food often will lead to obesity, which has increased in the past few decades. The National Center for Health Statistics has reported, â€Å"The most recent national data on obesity prevalence among U.S. adults,Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Fast Food1157 Words   |  5 PagesFast food has been increasingly popular throughout the twenty-first century because of its sacrifice of health for speed, but that has recently started to change. â€Å"Fast casual† is the idea of a more casual restaurant atmosphere with healthier food, slightly higher prices, and a better overall experience. The transition to a more innovative fast casual mind set has spurred an increasing popularity across the country. Rising awareness in society has helped dawn the rise of the fast casual industryRead MoreFast Food Restaurants Affected The Health Of Customers Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesFast food restaurants raise a number of important issues related to health. In this pape r it will be argued that fast food restaurants negatively impact the health of customers. The consumption contributes to obesity, diabetes and heart disease. However, the growing popularity of fast causal restaurants has made healthier options more popular. In the near future fast causal restaurants will either dominant the restaurant industry or the fast food restaurants will become more like fast casual restaurantsRead MoreCauses of Obesity in the United States Essay616 Words   |  3 Pagesabout. Fast food stores are advertising more food for less money with quicker service. The media tends to misrepresent images of their target customer in television and magazine advertisements. Laziness is probably one of the main causes of obesity in our country. When you mix poor diet with poor exercising habits the outcome is far from being healthy. Obesity in the United States is at an all time high due to increasing fast food popularity, media influence, and the lack of exercise. Fast food popularityRead MoreFast Foods And Fast Food Restaurants1458 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not go a day without eating a fast food meal. There has been a significant rise in obesity rates in America as fast food restaurant establishments are becoming more and more popular. It’s no coincidence that as the fast food industry’s popularity is rising; the obesity rates of Americans are rising as well. The reason for the increase in popularity of fast food restaurants is simply because of convenience. Take McDonald’s for example: they offer consumers food that can ready to eat within aRead MoreThe Impact Of Nutrition Information On Advertisement Of Fast Food Chains Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesadvertisement of fast food chains The fast food industry in the U.S. has rapidly expanded in the past few decades (Hwang, 2013). In 2014, the industry has created a 3% current value growth, indicating its robust and continued ability in the U.S. market overall (Euromonitor, 2015). This strong increase has largely changed Americans’ lifestyle and eating habits; the amount of money they spend on fast food is more than that on education, readings and videos (Schlosser, 1998). Moreover, the fast food chains spentRead MoreRelation Between Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity1195 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity Introduction The combination of increasingly sedentary lifestyles, two-income families with children, busy single professionals and the proliferation of fast food restaurants in recent years has created a perfect storm of obesity in the United States as well as a number of other countries. Further exacerbating the problem is the lack of nutrition and high levels of fat content in many fast food restaurant products, making their consumption a high-risk activityRead MoreOur Children And The Danger Of Fast Food857 Words   |  4 PagesOur Children and The Danger of Fast Food   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The popularity of fast food is spreading rapidly among many people, mostly due to the following three main reasons:  good taste, convenience, and price. Also, fast food companies  are  smart  in placing themselves in many different countries around the world.  Regardless of location on the globe, fast food restaurants  are available  anywhere with similar food. There is no doubt that eating fast food  has become a regular part of  the diet. These mealsRead MoreUnhealthy Fast Food Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation of America is becoming more aware of the importance of good nutrition. Ironically the people are becoming increasingly less healthy. In the 1960s the nation ate healthier but knew less about nutrition. The foods that the teenagers consume today contributes to the increasing weight and decreasing health of the nation. Many outside factors determine the eating habits of teenagers today. When the baby boomer generation grew up a majority of the homes had mothers who worked in the homeRead MoreWhat (and How) We Should Eat1188 Words   |  5 Pagesincreased popularity in fast food chains, America’s obesity rate has dramatically increased. In a survey done by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), obesity is the number two cause of preventable death, with approximately sixty-two percent of American adults overweight, up from thirty- two percent in 1994 (Profiling Food Consumption in America). In Susan Brink and Elizabeth Querna’s article â€Å"Eat This Now†, they discuss how this generation will be affected by increasing obesity ratesRead MoreOur Changing World : Fast Food Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesOur changing world: fast food Introduction It is evident the world today is changing in many fronts. In the food industry, the consumption of the fast foods is increasingly becoming popular. Despite warnings from the nutritional specialists that fast foods pose many health risks, these foods continue to become popular. Fast foods are unhealthy and lead to health conditions like obesity, weight gain, and type-2 diabetes (Matthews, 2005). These foods comprise high energy densities that prompts high

The Holocaust Essay - 1861 Words

The Holocaust The Holocaust was a catastrophic, cataclysmic event in history that took place over 55 years ago, but why is it still so important to us today? One of the many reasons it is still widely discussed today, is because of the many rights it violated for the Jews as human beings. The main goal of the holocaust was for Nazis to try and kill every Jewish person alive in Europe. Many Nazi leaders tried their hardest do to this, and went unpunished for their actions. All of this tradgedy and calamity started when Adolf Hitler came into power. Adolf Hitler and his Third Reich came to power in 1938, the Jews in Europe knew they were in trouble. Hitler blamed them for Germanys rapid fall as a world power and he made†¦show more content†¦He feared that the Fascist party was coming to wipe out the town of Sighet and that his family would lose everything that they dreamed of and worked for. His father insisted that they not sell the business because he felt there was no reason to fear the Nazis because they would not come as far as Sighet. He figured by that time the war will be over and Hitler will lose his power of Germany. In addition, his father argued that they were too old to start over in a new place and that they would be suffer financially. Elies father decided to take his chances. While reading, I felt that at this point the Jews should have taken the situation much more seriously then they were because now German army cars were approaching there town. The town was in shock, no one thought it would go this far and it did. The soldiers pulled up in there steel helmets and the emblems that signified death head, but it was unexpected that the soldiers would actually be kind. Some stayed in Jewish homes and were even polite. One soldier brought chocolates to Madame Kahn, a captured Jew. The Kahn family even said they were likeable and everyone felt rejoiced and at ease (Wiesel 8). As a result of many of the soldiers kindness, the townspeople were still not prepared for the ultimate attack. What they did not know was that the Nazis were only waiting for reinforcements to help secure the town before beginning extermination. It was the week of Passover and all theShow MoreRelatedHolocaust : Holocaust And Holocaust1247 Words   |  5 Pages History of holocaust Holocaust Term Paper Jewish people were tortured, abused, and subjected through horrific unfathomable situations by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Despite all of the unpragmatic hardships Jews all over Europe faced, many stayed true to their faith and religion. There are numerous stories in which Jewish people tried to keep the roots of their religion well knowing the risk of torture and death. The never ending fear of Jewish people living in the Ghettos and trying to surviveRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1247 Words   |  5 PagesWe all know the horrific experience, the Jews faced during the Holocaust and after it. Even after some survived the holocaust physically, they will always be tormented and haunted by those gruesome memories from those inhumane actions that were directed towards them. After, all they went through it is obvious the holocaust affected the survivor s drastically, but how about the future generations of Jews. In which I believe the holocaust did in fact affect the second generation, but the third generationRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Holocaust930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Holocaust is one of the most well known genocides that have taken place. It had destroyed millions of Jewish lives and has caused a historical pain to these people that cannot be taken away till this day. The Holocaust can be seen from Goldhagen’s perspective of eliminationism. It did have all of the five steps and yet there was uniqueness about the Holocaust. The first one that can be looked at is the concentration camp itself. The history of the camp and the stories are still being unfoldedRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust The holocaust is a term originally referred to a religious rite in which an offering is incinerated. But today, has another meaning; is any human disaster of great magnitude and importance, mainly refers to the extermination of the Jews who lived in Europe conducted by the Germany government. Throughout the nineteenth century, the Jewish community was improving their situation and their rights equalized to those of other citizens in most European countries. But despite this, these peopleRead MoreHolocaust : An Examination Of The Holocaust1117 Words   |  5 Pages In the summer of 1944 the soviets freed the Jewish from the concentration camps like Belzec, Treblinka and the most infamous killing camp Auschwitz. In an examination of the holocaust I will converse the effects of the holocaust and their worlds response, to its victims and perpetrators. The aftermath of the holocaust shows the mass Genocide people found, as Germany cures itself it showed civilization that we should not let someone manipulate us, and let them change our ideals and beliefs. I willRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Jewish Holocaust858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jewish Holocaust is often described as the largest, most gruesome holocaust in history. It began in 1933 with the rise of Adolf Hitler and lasted nearly twelve years until the Nazi Party were defeated by the Allied powers in 1945. The expression â€Å"Holocaust† originated from Greece which is translated to â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. This is a very proper name considering the slaughter and carnage of Jewi sh people inflicted by the Nazis. In addition to the Jewish, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexualRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Causes Of The Holocaust804 Words   |  4 PagesAfter WW2, there was a thing called the holocaust. There were many concentration camps all over Germany where many Jews were killed in different ways. It happened between WW1 and WW2, 1933-1945. My position on why this happened is that Germany was going through a rough time, so Hitler wanted their country to resemble power. Read on to learn more about the causes and ways the Holocaust could have been avoided. The Holocaust was a mass slaying of groups of people which that Germany saw as inferiorRead MoreThe holocaust959 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Year 10 Humanities 2013 Unit 2: World War 2 Task 2 The Holocaust The Causes of the Holocaust The Process of the Holocaust In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that Germany would occupy during World War II. By 1945, the Germans killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the Final Solution, the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger toRead MoreThe Holocaust971 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the most horrible and dreaded events in history. Millions of Jews were killed, leaving many families devastated and hopeless. With the goal of racial purity, Adolf Hitler- along with many other Germans believed the Jews caused the defeat of their country, and led the Nazis to the elimination of Jews. For this reason, â€Å"Even in the early 21st century, the legacy of the Holocaust endures†¦as many as 12,000 Jews were killed every day† (The Holocaust). LaterRead MoreHolocaust Final Draft : Holocaust1495 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Harmon Holocaust Final draft World History The holocaust started when Adolf Hitler became Germany’s dictator, and they started the organization called the Nazis. They started by terrorizing the Jewish community in Germany, then eventually put them all into concentration camps. In one of the bigger camps, they experimented and took newborn babies away from the nursing mothers and they were seeing how long they would survive without feeding. Between 1945 and 1985, about 5,000 Nazi

Margaret Thatcher s Long History Of Foreign Affairs

Margaret Thatcher’s long history of foreign affairs began in 1979 with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Thatcher personally condemned the invasion. She convinced various British athletes that were to compete in the 1980 Moscow Olympics to boycott the games. This action was very much in line with the tenants of liberalism, which includes fighting for liberty and equality. Thatcher provided weak support to then President of the United Sates Jimmy Carter who attempted to punish the Soviet Union with various economic sanctions. Thatcher distrusted Communism as a whole (as a liberal you hope for positive peace, Communism was not very effective at providing a lack of war occurring, so Thatcher ultimately opposed Communism all together) and†¦show more content†¦Thatcher then boldly tripled the United Kingdom’s nuclear forces in response. This move could be seen as contradicting the tenants of Liberalism. In 19982, the ruling military junta in Argentina ordered an i nvasion of the British Falkland Islands and in turn triggered the Falkland’s War. This moment was one of the most defining of Margaret Thatcher’s magnificent political career. Thatcher herself set up and was chairperson of a small war cabinet that attempted to take charge of the conduct of Britain during the war. Thatcher authorized a naval task force to retake the Falkland Islands. Eventually, thanks to Thatcher’s actions. Argentina surrendered and the operation was considered an overall success. This is a prime example of a deviation of Thatcher’s from her liberal beliefs. Even though states do not always agree on everything, such a bold move, involving going to war is not in line with the central tenants of liberalism. While some claimed that Thatcher neglected the defense of the Falkland Islands (as a liberal one must not neglect their state holdings, a prime example of neglect of this kind was the Falkland Islands) that eventually lead to the war, th e majority considered her a highly capable war leader. Luckily for Thatcher, the economy recovered in the beginning of 1982, which lead to a divided opposition and contributed largely to Thatcher’s reelection in the year 1983. This shows that Thatcher was committed to liberal politics in her

The Role of Project Manager

Questions: 1. What is the role of the project manager? What do you feel are the two most important abilities a good project manager should have? Would you personally feel comfortable leading a project? Why or why not? What does it mean to take a systems view of a project? Is this a good way for an organization to view projects? Why or why not? What are the positives and negatives to the systems view approach? Answers: 1. The role of project manager is one who has the entire responsibility for the proper reviewing, project planning it, project design, project execution of the project, monitoring of the project, controlling the entire project and closing of a project. The two most critical and essential qualities that a good manager should possess or have are to be an excellent communicator and to be an honorable person (Mossalam Arafa, 2015). I personally feel good about leading the project because I like to take initiatives and also like to give the best of the abilities. Moreover, my aim is to become a good manager. 2. The systems view of the project mean is to take and external and internal look at the functioning environment of the company. Yes, it is the right way for a company to view projects as it helps to understand a project in multiple scenarios which might occur and that will take forward to a good overall performance (Schwalbe, 2015). There are some advantages and disadvantages of system view approach such as Advantages: It aims at a proper analysis of a company and their management. It eases the communication between the enterprise and its environment. It helps the manager to ignore analyzing issues in isolation and to built an integrated approach. Disadvantages: It does not observe the variations in systems. Complex system Not practical or Unpractical. Over-Conceptual. The system philosophy does not mention the nature of the communication or interaction and interdependencies. References Mossalam, A., Arafa, M. (2015). The role of project manager in benefits realization management as a project constraint/driver.HBRC Journal. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.

Andrea Del Sarto and My Last Duchess free essay sample

It is interesting how to poems from the same author can present the same themes in such different ways. We will be comparing, Browning’s â€Å"Andrea Del Sarto† and â€Å"My Last Duchess†. There are two topics that have important roles in both poems; these are art and the role of woman. Browning shows us women in very different roles in these two poems. He also presents art in both poems from different points of view. In â€Å"My Last Duchess† women’s role is of a free person; the king treats his duchess as a possession and when he thinks he can’t control her he simply kills her. We see that the duchess is kind of a free spirit and that she gets killed just because she is independent from the duke, which made him jealous and made him think she was cheating on him. On â€Å"Andrea Del Sarto† we have a complete different attitude from man towards woman. We will write a custom essay sample on Andrea Del Sarto and My Last Duchess or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lucrezia is the one in control of the situation and Andrea seems to accept whatever she decides. In this poem man takes the traditional role of woman in the sense that man is usually the one that gives the orders but in this poem man does whatever his wife tells. We also see that Andrea is the one who has to put up with his wife’s infidelity and not the other way around like the situation is usually portrayed. We can see this in the following quote: Love, does that please you? Ah, but what does he, The Cousin! what does he to please you more? I am grown peaceful as old age to-night. I regret little, I would change still less. (Browning, Andrea Del Sarto) In both poems the female character is liberal and this bothers the male figures the most fundamental difference is the way man reacts to this attitude. We can see that Andrea is really tolerating also in the past quote. In contrast we can see how the Duke treated the Duchess like a possession: â€Å"Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands As if alive. Will’t please you rise? We’ll meet† (Browning, My Last Duchess) Where the phrase â€Å"I gave commands† means he ordered to kill her. In both poems we can see that the art theme is also present. In â€Å"My Last Duchess† art is seen from a spectator but in â€Å"Andrea Del Sarto† the painter is the one talking about art. In â€Å"Andrea Del Sarto† we can see a deeper and more profound look at art, Andrea talks about the inspiration and detail while in â€Å"My last Duchess† art is only mentioned lightly it focuses more on the person in the painting than the act of painting. In conclusion the role of female is somewhat similar in both stories the main difference is the reaction of male figures towards that role. Art plays an important role in both stories in â€Å"My Last Duchess† the duchess is killed and portrayed as art through a painting but in â€Å"Andrea Del Sarto† it is art that keeps Lucrezia alive.

Week Case Study Essay Example

Week Case Study Essay Example Week Case Study Paper Week Case Study Paper Look up the paper that started the study of computer security. Prepare a summary of the key points. What in this paper specifically addresses security in areas previously unexamined? The RAND Report R-609-1 was commissioned by the Deputy Director in June 1967 according to www. Linearitys. Com. The report was to study and recommend solutions that would unsure the protection of classified information while allowing multi-level access along with computer sharing capabilities. The report was broken down into four sections. First, the nature of the problem was identified. This identified security problems from the computer systems to lack of security and potential threats. The second part looked at policy considerations and gave recommendations. This section dealt with systems personnel to information structure and ended with system certification recommendations. The third section detailed technical recommendation while the last section detailed management and administrative controls. With the increased and wide spread use of computers in the military, a need for procedures we due. These procedure recommendations revolved around technique and security which had not previously existed on such a broad call. Even with the large scale of operations, there still needed to be some privacy around the system and data that was shared or accessed. Through this study, batch, multiprogramming, and time-shared processing were all recommended for different levels of access and control. Three types of threats to system security were identified. These are accidental access of data, deliberate access of data, and a physical attack on the system. There were recommended safeguards to protect from all three vulnerabilities. This protection had to be identified and secured by the system designer so not APS were missed. These gaps could be in the software, hardware, communication of information and general lack of organization or the organization itself. There were recommended characteristic needs of the system seemed almost too massive to have all at one time. The system had to be flexible in term of performance, responsive to different conditions, dubitable for security breaches, reliable, manageable, adaptable based on sensitivity needs, dependable, while assuring configuration integrity. With all of these demands, a definition list was put together so everyone could be Lear on the document and the interpretation was consistent from person to person. The second part of the study started out with fundamental principles and system personnel. This detailed who could have access to what part of the system and the data. It also identified gate-keepers and administrators with user authentication guidelines. The data was organized and controlled so that any variance was identifiable. All transactions into the system and the activity that took place was logged for transaction accounting. Auto-testing was implemented and sufficient redundancy checks were put in place to ensure data control was not compromised. Input and output parameters were very specific and access was obtained only through several checkpoints in the system. The system was checked, tested, and evaluated often for any fail-points or weaknesses. Inspections were performed by experts to determine if the system was in compliance with pre-determined requirements and regulations. There were three types of certifications that protected the system and access to the system; design certification, installation certification, and recertification. The last part of the report detailed the technical recommendations. Due to the size of the system needed for the data-sharing, the present technology was insufficient and additional safeguards had to be put into place. The central processing hardware had to have user isolation along With protection against unexpected access or conditions. This meant that each user was unique and the program would isolate the data needed for that user. The software had to run with complex programs that allowed sorting and file copying while maintaining security checkpoints. This lead to access controls in different levels of the system. Certain users could only gain access to some information. If an unauthorized user tried to gain access to information Outside their authority, a denial of access Was sent. This also generated a flag to be immediately checked. All these steps and processes were new and now seem to be a very standard practice in the world of computers. Even with the most secure systems, there are still people or even other computer systems trying to gain access to data that they are not authorized to see or control. The cyber world continues to fill up with public and private data at tremendous speeds which will continue to lead the curious hacker to halogen themselves to getting data they should not have. 2. Consider the information stored on your personal computer. For each of the terms listed, find an example and document it: threat, threat agent, vulnerability, exposure, risk, attack, and exploit. Threats this could be a person driving around your neighborhood looking for the insecure network. Threat Agent this could be a hacker that finds the unsecured network with the intentions of installing a worm, computer virus, or some sort of damaging program. Vulnerability This could be an account that has a weak password like 123456. Exposure An example of this is when someone opens and e-mail with a Trojan, worm, or virus attached. Risk This could be an event in which you let someone you dont know very well use your laptop or access a program without good intent. Attack This is what happens when your system has been intentionally or unintentionally exposed to a malicious program or person. Exploit Can be gained at a local level or network level to take advantage of weaknesses or vulnerability in a system. They are used to gain control to a computer system. 3. Using the web, find out who Kevin Nitpick was. What did he do? Who caught him? Write a short summary of his activities and why he is famous. Kevin Nitpick is know that he worlds most famous hacker according to his website (win. Indestructibly. Com). In the early 199(Yes, he proved to be a computer genius that thrived on the breaking into high-profile company computers through the now out-of-date dial-up modem superhighway. He would assume false identities and cover his tracks to out run the FBI and other authorities looking to track him down. He was finally caught and arrested in 1995 by the FBI in his North Carolina apartment, resourced four years later for wire fraud, computer fraud and identity theft. Kevin Nitpick started his computer hacking at a seemingly young age of 15 gaining access to the Los Angles bus system. This lead to him obtaining free rides on the public transport system. His first arrest for hacking came in 1988 when he was convicted of unauthorized access of a computer network in 1979 at the age of 16. This earned him a year in prison. After his release, he continued his hacking using The Condor and The Darkies Hacker as his calling cards. He pushed the limits of his activities and became one of the Bis most wanted. After his arrest in 1995, it took four years to get a conviction. He had a lot of supporter that felt his conviction and incarceration was too harsh which include eight months in solidarity confinement since he was a perceived threat to national security.

Customer Service Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer Service - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that  managements of these agencies are often turning to human resource training and technology to deliver services fast and competently to achieve satisfactions for all queries, complaints or inquiries. Customers have been accustomed to attention from the private sector, and they now want the same from their government agencies. Government agencies have adopted standards of measuring citizens’ satisfaction in responding to their needs through electronic or manual reviews.This study highlights that there has been a shift in the management systems from an emphasis on product quality to Total Quality Management for customer satisfaction.   This change focuses on continual improvement of organization’s output. Quality of outputs in this case very much includes all products and services and the processes that are involved in the production of the products or services. The shift is intended for the sole purpose of meeting, if not surpassing cu stomer expectations. Customer service provision requires the co-operation of all levels of management within the organization.  Most organizations in the world today are registered with different standardization agencies locally or internationally such as The International Customer Service Institute (TICSI) or the International Standard Organization ISO 900 series.  The ‘Soft’ aspect of total quality management focuses on the principles that guide organizations.... The shift is intended for the sole purpose of meeting, if not surpassing customer expectations. Customer service provision requires the co-operation of all levels of management within the organization. Achievement of excellent customer service is guided by tools and principles. The tools are the so-called ‘hard’ aspects of customer service. They include the analyzing systems of an organization’s performance using a wide array of analysis tools and the presentation of these in a way that all the stakeholders using the information can understand that when recommendations are applied, it would lead to better results. Display of organizations’ performance could be represented in various ways including tabulation, graphs, polygons and charts. Statistical analysis of results is a common method used to evaluate performance of output through, mean, mode, probability analysis, critical path analysis and variance and correlation analysis. When these tools are used, q uantitative data is displayed to help in controlling the output be it products or services. Most organizations in the world today are registered with different standardization agencies locally or internationally such as The International Customer Service Institute (TICSI) or the International Standard Organization ISO 900 series. These set up standards of different kinds that aim at improving excellence in customer service by having a policy that focuses on quality improvement. Results from statistical analysis should be checked against these standards, and the necessary areas of improvement are identified. The ‘Soft’ aspect of total quality management focuses on the principles that guide organizations. Emphasis is put in

Ethics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics Assignment - Essay Example She has informed the Boeing managers that she would be able to conserve the interests of Boeing using her influences if they recruit her daughter and son in law. This paper briefly analyses the above issue and discusses the possible ethical violations involved in this issue. The first ethical violation involved in this case is that Darlene tried to sacrifice the interest of her employer for gaining undue advantages. It is the duty of Darlene to exhibit 100% loyalty to her employer and to work always for the benefit of her employer. Boeing will take undue advantages from Darlene and she will be forced to work for Boeing if she recommend for her relatives. At the same time Darlene cannot stay inactive in finding jobs for her beloved ones. Her daughter and son in law will dislike her if she fails to use her influences in favour of them. It is difficult for Darlene’s daughter and son in law to lead a good family life without employment and hence it is the duty of Darlene to help them in finding suitable jobs. So when we analyse the above case with respect to personal ethics, Darlene did nothing wrong in trying to find employment for her relatives or beloved ones. At the same time when we analyse this case with respect to professional ethics, Darlene committed serious mistake. If her organization loses nothing, sometimes, the actions of Darlene could have justified, but her organization may face damages if Darlene allots projects to Boeing without obeying the norms. Darlene can argue that if she stays away from recommending, others may use the same means to get employment in Boeing and will safeguard their interests. â€Å"It is sometimes seem (wrongly) as a victimless crime and is often rationalized in terms of â€Å"if we don’t offer a bribery, others will† From a moral or ethical perspective it should be approached not in terms of â€Å"can we get away† with it but is it right to offer a bribe to secure a

Nursing Scholarship Essay Essay Example for Free

Nursing Scholarship Essay Essay â€Å"The pursuit of happiness† isn’t that what we all strive for? Some find it in family and friendship; some find it in love and others in money and work. I find happiness in knowing that with much determination and will power I have been able to pursue my lifelong dream of being a nurse. The medical field is an area of constant change and evolution in society on a daily basis thus producing great challenges to those who take healthcare seriously. My goals for pursuing my educational advancement are first and foremost to continue to grow; stay equipped and continue to care for my patients with the utmost quality and knowledge. Being a nurse has been such a privilege to me and an opportunity to share the gift of love through compassionate care to people who are hurting. See more: how to write a scholarship essay for study abroad I originally â€Å"fell in love† with the ministry of nursing as a young girl during my studies about Florence Nightingale and her service to our military men. Not only did she administer first aide to the soldiers on the battlefield she also tended to their souls. I knew that nursing was my calling and that Florence Nightingale would be my mentor. As I grew older and life circumstances led me to being a single mother raising two children, I decided to add another level of fulfillment in my life and pursue a career in nursing. This decision was not easy but motherhood not only gave me a fresh sense of purpose and passion for life it was also the motivating factor to choose nursing as a reliable career. Happiness is not something you postpone for the future; it is something you design for the present. Therefore; pursuing my educational advancement in nursing is my design for today.

International Trade :: essays research papers

International Trade International trade or world trade affects the entire American economy. The early industrial years of American the economy was based entirely on the exporting goods to other countries, and these exports created the revenue need to sustain the country. America would export more products than it needed this created a surplus in the GDP. This began to change in the 1930’s when the trade began to change and the country began to import more products. This downward trend led the GDP its lowest point in history. In today’s world trade market America’s import percentage is somewhere in the mid-60%. The balance of trade in America today is running in a deficit. The U.S. government has created trade agreements the various countries that allow free trade between these countries. This means there are no tariffs, fees or taxes applied toward the good being imported or exported between the countries in the agreement. These countries include Mexico and Canada that create the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and Israel. These agreements are not limited to free trade, but other countries such as Jamaica, that need assistance in order to grow economically American has lessened the amount of tariffs need to import good into America. International trade provides resources that the U.S. does not produce enough of to sustain the country. One of the major imports needed in the U.S. today is oil. This is one of the reasons America has a free trade agreement with Israel. This allows oil to be imported without tariffs. Other products such as cars imported from Japan create import taxes that the government spends on the U.S. economy. Additionally, the U.S. has imposed restrictions on foreign countries to reduce the flood of goods into the market place. These items include textiles imported from countries that produce these items a much cheaper cost.

Competence and Career Interests Profiler Paper

I was very surprised when I took the Career Profiler; I had taken something like this when I was a senior in high school. In high school my results suggested that I should do something in agriculture, and now 11 years later it suggests that I should do something in Business, Finance or Law. These results were not surprising to me. These are things that I have actually always been interested in. I think that knowing my competencies is really going to help me with my critical thinking in the future. I had never really considered myself someone who thought logically, but according to my results I do. Knowing this will help me to stop second guessing myself whenever I think I am way off from the mark. I already knew that I am a researcher, because I love knowing everything about everything, I love to investigate topics and see where things started. Having this confirmed will give me the confidence to trust my instincts about myself. I have always loved writing and I already use it to my benefit. So researching and writing are competencies that I already knew that I possessed and having them confirmed was nice. I have already used some of the competencies that I knew I had to help me evaluate arguments. Because I love to research and to write I would already use these to my benefit when it came to arguments or discussions. Before I start any kind of argument or discussion with anyone I always make sure that I know what I am talking about. I try to have as much information as possible, so that way when I am faced with a rebuttal, I have factual information. I don’t like entering something without knowing that I have facts to back me up. It is always good to know what you succeed in so you can draw from those strengths and then you can work on your weaknesses.

The Effects of Slavery on the Black Family Essay - 1708 Words

Slavery is a period of time where people were bought, sold, and treated as property for many years. Slaves were given no rights once so ever from the time they were captured, purchased, or born. Slavery existed in many countries such as contemporary Africa, Mali, Haiti, Niger, Sudan, and Mauritania. Although slavery was equally devastating in many different countries one form of slavery that stands out the most for American history is slavery in the New World. Slaves were shipped from various locations in Africa and also different islands of the West Indies. Contrary to belief, there was a method in Africa specifically Goree Island, where wealthy Africans would sell out other Africans from their country into slavery. These â€Å"merchants†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Slaves were not usually treated with respect in the households they worked in, most of the time, slaves were treated horribly. They would be raped, beaten, teased, whipped, and were victims of many cruel and un usual punishments that are unimaginable to the human race present day. Family was the most important thing to the African culture. Brothers tried their hardest to look over their younger sisters as best as possible. Old women and men with no family members to turn to, looked to the comfort of nieces, nephews, and cousins when they fell ill, and aunts and uncles played a primary part in the family as well. Men were not the only ones that were forced to take part in daily labor and routines but also women and children. Some slaves were assigned outside work in which they would tend the crops and more commonly known work the plantations on their masters estate. Women were more commonly assigned to kitchen work such as cleaning the houses, washing clothes, cooking meals, working as servants, and tending to the masters each and every need. Most women who worked in the houses were brutally raped by their masters whether or not they were married to a man or not. Although most women worked in a home setting, there were some women who did work outside with the men and children. Work was difficult on the slaves and their masters were not empathetic towards them inShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Black Slavery906 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of black slavery has been a thorny issue in the American society for so many years. The history of black slavery dates back to the time after the United States attained its independence and continued until just before the American civil war. Black slavery was made possible by the American constitution that made it legal for the white people to own black slaves. Slave trade ensured a constant supply of slaves from the African continent with the most affected part being West Africa. HenceRead MoreThe End Of Chattel Slavery Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesLooking back in history, you will find that slavery was always present. There are accounts of slavery in Babylon, Greece, and Rome, all occurring before the Common Era; but there was a major change during the year 1619 in the way slavery was implemented. This form of slavery was known as chattel slavery. Defined as â€Å"A civil relationship in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another† (Legal-dictionary.com), chattel slavery targeted African slaves that were broughtRead MoreThe Institution of Slavery and Its Effects of People and Family Life1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe Institution of Slavery and its Effects on People and Family Life The â€Å"Public Sale of Negroes, by Richard Clagett, depicts a typical auction in 1883. Although, it is important to note that â€Å"typical† in the 1800’s is very far from the typical of today. What is interesting or peculiar about this auction and many others in this time is that they were auctioning and selling people. The â€Å"Institution of Slavery† or chattel slavery, or even simply slavery, was the mistreatment of people as personalRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved Are All Too Familiar With Inequality1285 Words   |  6 PagesBeloved are all too familiar with inequality. Beloved is set after the American Civil War. Sethe, a runaway slave, begins on the journey to escape Kentucky’s slavery, and arrives in the free city of Cincinnati, Ohio. Confronted by slave-catchers, she murders her third born to protect it from a fate Sethe considers worse than death: slavery. The spirit of the dead daughter haunts the house in which Sethe, her mother-in-law Baby Suggs, and the remaining three children reside. Only Sethe, her youngestRead MoreBlack Families During Slavery And The Role Black Women1224 Words   |  5 PagesMarissa Brown Professor S. Hoffman African Americans During Slavery 5 December 2014 Black Families During Slavery and the Role Black Women Played In 1619, when slavery first began it was clear early on that it wouldn’t be a positive experience for its victims. The victims, typically people of African American decent, were not afforded any rights as human beings. They were excluded from the political system (not allowed to hold offices or vote); they were excluded from holding jobs of quality andRead MoreThe Slave Crucible Analysis1266 Words   |  6 PagesFederal Assault† exhibits a generalized viewpoint on the effects of laws such as the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 on the majority of the slave population. Both pieces of literature demonstrate the injustices and demeaning treatment towards African Americans during the 19th century. Pargas’ â€Å"The Slave Crucibles† is structured to provide the personal experiences of slaves by including specific examples and testimonies from those who endured slavery or had first hand encounters with enslaved African AmericansRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On A Macro Level1682 Words   |  7 PagesIf we think of Slavery we think of it as an event in our history that degrading blacks, and only blacks. We, at least I don’t think of it as effecting whites, but if we look at the two authors Baldwin and Coats we see slavery and racism can be viewed on a whole different level. Blocking out stereotypes Coates and Baldwin give us an inside look on what it was actually like like to own or to be a slave. Baldwin, talks about the effects of slavery on a micro level, and talks about how it affectsRead MoreThe Transition from the Colonial Era to the Revolutionary War671 Words   |  3 Pagesnineteenth centuries. Before these individuals became slaves, there were indentured servants. Between the colonial era and Revolutionary War many changes in the practice of labor were made. Expansion of slavery throughout America brought about different conditions of slave life and Paternalism. Slavery in America was very different before and after the year 1790; these changes greatly affected the conditions in which these individuals lived and are worth analyzing. The transition from colonial eraRead MoreThe Effects of Slavery on the African-American Family Structure1272 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Slavery on the African American Family Structure Slavery had an immense impact on African American families, as the familial dynamic of the African American family was in many ways responsible for the stereotypes surrounding black families in the present moment. Not only were families the sole property of their slave owner, but there were laws restricting their rights and privileges. However, despite the fact that the African American slave family existed in a perpetually tumultuousRead MoreSlavery1483 Words   |  6 Pagesmistreatment my people ordained back in the days of Slavery. Coming from a family that is mostly comprised of African descent individuals; it makes me sad and in utter repugnance. Its funny how life back then still influences the way my people think and approach their education, family, and general lifestyle. Slavery has definitely placed a scar on the mentality of not just the black community but of all races that have been a part of this. To me the black man went through the most because he was taken

Focusing in Composition Definition and Examples

In composition, public speaking, and the writing process, focusing refers to the various strategies involved in narrowing a topic, identifying a purpose, defining an audience, choosing a method of organization, and applying revision techniques. Tom Waldrep describes focusing as the moment of tunnel vision... Focusing is the mood or mode of fierce concentration that funnels thought from its diffuse matrix into fully discursive form (Writers on Writing, 1985). Etymology: from the Latin, hearth. Observations One very important aspect of motivation is the willingness to stop and to look at things that no one else has bothered to look at. This simple process of focusing on things that are normally taken for granted is a powerful source of creativity. (Edward de Bono, Lateral Thinking: Creativity Step by Step. Harper Row, 1970) We think of focus as a visual effect, a lens we look through to see the world more clearly. But I have come to see it as a knife, a blade I can use to slice the fat out of a story, leaving behind only the strength of muscle and bone... If you think of focus as a sharp knife, you can test every detail in a story, and when you find something that does not fit (no matter how interesting), you can take your blade and cut it, neatly, quickly, no bleeding or suffering involved. (Roy Peter Clark, Help! for Writers: 210 Solutions to the Problems Every Writer Faces. Little, Brown and Company, 2011) Narrowing a Topic for an Essay, Speech, or Research Paper As you explore possible topics, avoid ones that are too large, too obscure, too emotional, or too complicated for you to work within the allotted time. . . . Although a number of techniques exist for narrowing your topic once you have a general idea of what you want to write about, most approaches encourage you to mess around with the ideas to begin to make them your own (McKowen, 1996). Do some freewriting. Write without stopping for a while just to get some thoughts on paper. Or try brainstorming, in which you write down all of the concepts or ideas that occur to you on the topic. Talk to a friend to stir up ideas. Or try asking these questions about the topic: who, what, when, where, why, and how? Finally, do some reading on the topic to start the focusing process. (John W. Santrock and Jane S. Halonen, Connections to College Success. Thomson Wadsworth, 2007) One way to narrow down your topic is to break it down into categories. Write your general topic at the top of a list, with each successive word a more specific or concrete topic. . . . [For example, you] might begin with the very general topic of cars and trucks and then narrow the topic down a step at a time until you focus on one particular model (the Chevy Tahoe hybrid) and decide to persuade your listeners about the advantages of owning a hybrid vehicle with all of the SUV amenities. (Dan OHair and Mary Wiemann, Real Communication: An Introduction, 2nd ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2012) The most common criticism of a research paper is that its topic is too broad...Concept maps [or clustering]...can be used to visually narrow a topic. Write your general subject on a blank sheet of paper and circle it. Next, write down subtopics of your general subject, circle each, and connect them with lines to the general subject. Then write and circle subtopics of your subtopics. At this point, you may have a suitably narrow subject. If not, keep adding levels of subtopics until you arrive at one. (Walter Pauk and Ross J. Q. Owens, How to Study in College, 10th ed. Wadsworth, 2011) Donald Murray on Ways of Achieving Focus Writers have to find a focus, a possible meaning in all the mess that will allow them to explore the subject in a relatively orderly fashion so they can continue through the writing process to find out if they have anything worth saying--and worth a readers hearing... I interview myself, asking questions similar to the ones I asked to find the subject: - What information have I discovered that surprised me the most?- What will surprise my reader?- What one thing does my reader need to know?- What one thing have I learned that I didnt expect to learn?- What can I say in one sentence that tells me the meaning of what I have explored?- What one thing--person, place, event, detail, fact, quotation--have I found that contains the essential meaning of the subject?- What is the pattern of meaning I have discovered?- What cant be left out of what I have to write about?- What one thing do I need to know more about? There are a number of techniques to focus on a subject. The writer, of course, only uses the techniques that are necessary to achieve a focus. (Donald N. Murray, Read to Write: A Writing Process Reader, 2nd ed. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1990) Focusing Strategies of ESL Writers [L]ess experienced L1 and L2 writers may focus prematurely--and with less than satisfactory results--on microlevel features such as grammatical, lexical, and mechanical accuracy, as opposed to discourse-level concerns such as audience, purpose, rhetorical structure, coherence, cohesion, and clarity (Cumming, 1989; Jones, 1985; New, 1999)... L2 writers may require targeted instruction aimed at the development of specific linguistic skills, rhetorical expertise, and composing strategies. (Dana R. Ferris and John S. Hedgcock, Teaching ESL Composition: Purpose, Process, and Practice, 2nd ed. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005) Focusing on Audience and Purpose Audience and purpose are central concerns of experienced writers when they revise, and two research studies examined the effect of directing students attention to these aspects of composing. In a 1981 study, [J.N.] Hays asked basic and advanced writers to write an essay for high school students about the effects of using marijuana. Based on her analysis of composing protocols and interviews, Hays found that those students, whether basic or advanced writers, who had a strong sense of audience and of purpose wrote better papers than those who lacked a strong sense of purpose and focused on the teacher as the audience or had little awareness of the audience. [D.H.] Roen [R.J.] Wylie (1988) conducted a study that asked students to focus on audience by considering the knowledge that their readers probably possessed. Students who considered their audience during revision received higher holistic scores than those who did not. (Irene L. Clark, Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003) Pete Hamills One Word of Writing Advice In his memoir  A Drinking Life  (1994), veteran journalist  Pete Hamill  recounts his first few days clumsily disguised as a reporter at the old  New York Post. Unburdened by training or experience, he picked up the fundamentals of newspaper writing from the  Posts  assistant night city editor, Ed Kosner. All through the night in the sparsely manned city room, I wrote small stories based on press releases or items clipped from the early editions of the morning papers. I noticed that Kosner had Scotch-taped a single word to his own typewriter:  Focus . I appropriated the word as my motto. My nervousness ebbed as I worked, asking myself: What does this story say? What is new? How would I tell it to someone in a saloon?  Focus , I said to myself.  Focus . Of course, simply  telling  ourselves to  focus  wont magically produce a  lead  or a  thesis. But responding to Hamills three questions may help us to focus on finding the right words: It was  Samuel Johnson  who said that the prospect of hanging concentrates [the] mind wonderfully. The same might be said of  deadlines. But isnt writing hard enough already without having to depend on anxiety to motivate us? Instead, take a deep breath. Ask a few simple questions. And  focus. What does this story (or report or essay) say?What is new (or most important)?How would I tell it to someone in a saloon (or, if you prefer, a coffee shop or cafeteria)?

Are We Born Racist - 1267 Words

Attempting to avoid these differences is impossible, but if not addressed and allowed to fester children will unavoidably develop a negative response to those who are different from themselves. We as humans are hard wired to fear things that are unlike ourselves. We are scared of the unfamiliar and unknown. In return, we tend to gravitate to those that are similar to ourselves. In Kristin Russle’s article â€Å"Are we Born Racist?† she explains a study where pre-school children were given colored shirts to wear for 3 weeks, half blue and half red. During this time the teacher never mentioned the shirts or sorted the kids into groups accordingly, but at the end of the experiment, when asked which color was better, the children always chose their†¦show more content†¦Children need explanation and a loving hand to guide them in the right direction as they are taught to cope with their feelings in an appropriate fashion. Early action in teaching children how to co pe with these differences essential for success. â€Å"Children begin developing attitudes about various groups in society as early as ages three or four. Initially such attitudes are quite flexible. However, as children grow older such attitudes become more difficult to change† (Brynes). A study done by The Association of Behavior Analysis International demonstrates children’s capability to reverse these tendencies to negatively discriminate. The study selected and tested four children that originally matched negative symbols to the faces of black men, or in other words already had preconceived negative dispositions towards racial discrimination. These children learned to associate positive symbols with abstract symbols which were then associated with the pictures of black men. The idea was to see if the children would learn to associate the positive symbols with the pictures of the black men, therefore reversing their disposition to negative racial discrimination. T he results showed that only one of the four children reversed their pre-test dispositions while the other three children retained their pre-test dispositions (Carvalho 527-536). This study shows the importance of teaching children the correct behavioral functions early in life as these willShow MoreRelatedWe Must Stop Racism Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pages We live in a world that is culturally diverse, with rich culture and heritage. Everyone comes from a different background, with unique history and life experiences. Today we have broken-down a lot of racial barriers that existed in the past, and we have learn become more accepting of each other culture and way of life. Even though our society is growing up and becoming more tolerant of each other, they are still many barriers that needs to be broken. Racism still exists today, it is something thatRead MoreIs Australia a Racist Country?1091 Words   |  5 Pagesmulticultural country where at hand is strong evidence to suggest tha t Australia is racist, and in contrast there are many examples that support this questions that we humans beings can live in peace and harmony with all Australians. According to the ABCDiamond The proportion of the population of Australians born overseas is quoted â€Å"over one quarter of Australians were born overseas†. This means 25% of Australians are born overseas. Some possible causes of racism can be of an institutional racismRead MoreWhat Is Social Fact - Emile Durkheim1074 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual an external constraint; or: which is general over the whole of a given society whilst having an existence of its own, independent of its individual manifestations.† (Durkheim, 1895/1982:59). In other words the ideals passed down to us that we pass down to our children, established patterns of human relations, which create a set of expectations for each individual, these differ in every society. Durkheim describes his personal experiences of social facts while performing his responsibilitiesRead MoreEssay On Racism In America1326 Words   |  6 Pagesis only expressed more. Although, racism is being expressed more it is actually not because we had a black president. By Barack Obama becoming president, it had turned people into silent racist. As of 2017 since our new President Donald Trump. That is when the silent racist began to voi ce their opinions. Racism in America is completely still relevant in today’s society and in order for us as a country, we, the people have to change that. First of all, during the 1960’s there were many riots andRead MoreRacism- It Affects Everyone! Essay861 Words   |  4 Pageswhile offering solutions to help counteract them. Racism goes back a long ways, even before Jesus Christ was born. Jesus was actually a devout Jew, but the Bible portrays Jews as bad people who chose to save a barbarian instead of their savior, Jesus A21. Because of the spread of Christianity, many Jews have been discriminated against. Even Henry Ford, who was kind and not at all racist, unwittingly started an Anti-Semitic campaign when he said something about them in his newspaper in 1921 A23Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement On The Class Of White Southerners960 Words   |  4 Pages ===============Jesse is a town sherrif. But we learn far more about him—and his psyche—than what his job title conveys. We also learn that he harbors a very racist perspective; one which he has been socialized to accept as normal. It is a perspective of paranoia about African Americans in the post-civil war era. It is a perspective born from a very racist history. And this history is something Balwin shows us through Jesse’s story in the narrative. For this fear is historically situated, andRead MoreAnalysis Of Elizabeth Eckford s Little Rock Nine 942 Words   |  4 Pagesoften, and they are also role models for children, especially when they are young. When a child is born it doesn’t talk or act, whatever the child sees or hears it imitates because it is trying to learn and do what the adult is doing. Nevertheless, when a child grows up to be an adult, they are able to make their own choice on what is morally permissible and morally impermissible. N o one is born a racist; they just copy what they see and hear. 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In her essay â€Å"The Meaning of a Word,† Gloria Naylor wants the audience to understand her past experience with the word â€Å"nigger.† According to Naylor, the racist term can impact anybody negatively. However, I believe such languages can bring out unity, diversity, and a feelingRead MoreRacism, It s A Learning Process Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesYou Aren t Born Racist, it s a Learning Process â€Å"Racism is still with us but it is up to us to prepare our children for what they have to meet and hopefully we shall overcome.† Said Rosa parks QTD from brainy quotes. The world is filled with racism and hate and it will continue to be this way if we let the children see the world this way. Children are the most impressionable and if we teach them to not be racist as they grow up racism will eventually end once and for all. In my eyes, racism

Why Do Some Leaders Abuse Their Power Essay Example For Students

Why Do Some Leaders Abuse Their Power Essay Introduction: There are many definitions of power. In social science it can be thought as the capacity to control or influence others by providing rewarding or administering punishment. When leaders in organizations abuse power, power will become evil or unjust. In the last decades ,the pervasiveness of ethical lapses of corporate villains has been astounding such as Unethical CEO behaviour, white-collar crime, property deviance, employee grievances and lawsuits. In this essay I will mainly focus on analysing the causes of the toxic leaders deviant behaviour, the consequences it will trigger and how should followers survive in the dilemma. It is often heard that there is a series of organizational formula or principle in the corporation,or some other institutions. For instance,managers manage subordinates and serve owners, shareholders elect their representatives to the board of directors. Winners and losers are decided by free market. All the processes are trying to show that the corporation has its reasonable principles and make us believe that the corporation is accountable and efficient. Ironically,the truth of the matter will make us disappointed with the surface of the scandals related to the prestigiouscorporations. Indeed, managers have run the show. Shareholder meetings have been well prepared ceremonies. People who have served as directors on boards have usually been friends of the boss. Proxy votes have become rituals as the result has already been foreordained. (Ralph Estes ,1995,P32)What roles are these leaders playing in the organization on earth? 1. Why do some leaders abuse their power? There are many factors interactively cause some leaders to abuse their power at risk of being guilty. There is a paradigm proposed by Stephen K. Henn in his bookBusiness Ethics which is called The fraud triangle that can briefly explain the reason why people behave badly. Opportunity Pressure Rationalization Opportunity simply means the environment element, Pressure is the trigger that causes bad behaviour, Rationalization is the core of the decision-making process when it is time for a go or no go. (Stephen K. Henn , 2009,P61) It is a good paradigm. However, I will analyse the causes in details from internal and external dimensions respectively. 1. 1 External factors 1. Environmental factors Things will not happen without external elements which are related to the environment and situation. There is an environment where there seems to be safe when you do something wrong or even illegal. It s exactly the one of the most important reasons why some leaders can abuse their power recklessly. Ethical lapses in corporate and society occur frequently. Numerous examples of ethical lapses in business and politics can be found these y ears. Martha Stewart, a US domestic style guru, was under suspicion in an inner trading scandal. Six former executives of Australian Wheat Board (AWB) were charged with a bribery of $300 million to Sandam Hussein’s Iraqi government and were likely to be fined $14. 4 million by the Australian Securities and Investments Commissions in civil proceeding as well. It seems that nobody has taken an effective action to prevent these wrongdoings. What are the factors that impede people to reveal the truth and reality? How could it be possible that the nation’s regulatory and supervision departments fail to figure out these severe problems for such a long time? What are the loopholes and inadequacies of regulatory bodies that indirectly â€Å"help† these ethical lapses? There is no simple answer to these questions,but there are several factors that creat situations in which individuals really do not know enough to take action. 1. 1. 1. 1 The diffusion of responsibility for seeing and acting. Social psychologist Bibb Latane and John Darley launched a series of experiments in which participants heard the sounds of people in distress under different conditions. The studies showed that as the number of by-standers increased,the likelihood that anyone would help decreased. i. e. eople were more likely to help when they were alone. When others are present ,people assume someone else will act. (Robert Gandossy ,Jeffrey Sonnenfeld,2004,P. 7) Moreover, projects are frequently divided to several tasks and distributed to different departments or organizations. Specific divisions only possess the information relevant to specific tasks. As a resu lt, the asymmetrical information shared by different divisions restricts people’s control and understanding of the whole picture, which makes it difficult for specialists to figure out a fraud or misconduct early or to find out enough evidence to verify the illegal activities. . 1. 1. 2 The social and organizational culture that is not supportive of whistleblowers. The courage of individuals who know about improper behaviors in organizations is challenged by the threat of harassment, rumors, slanders, relegation and even dismiss. People often find they are put in a dilemma, wandering between right and wrong. One senior executive who revealed a colleagues million-dollar fraud scheme reflects:The path I chose was brutal on my family and lost me tens thousands in income. It also meant that I’d never again work in a corporate environment. You can negotiate a golden handshake, but it doesn’t guarantee a reference. You will always see the raised eyebrow, the inflection that means well, if you want to know ( Robert Gandossy ,Jeffrey Sonnenfeld,2004,P12)Under such unfriendly environment which is full of intrigue and prejudice, with a lack of accountability and financial considerations, more and more people choose to ignore a crime. 1. 1. 1. 3 The problems of financial institutions In some cases,auditors often suspected earlier, but no investigation followed due to complexity of the accounting system and poor responsibility of auditors. Accounting system really has its weakness and those evils will exploit the loopholes to realize their personal greedy. Moreover, sometimes the financial institutions changed their position from supervising to colluding. Take an example with Enron again, you may not believe but unfortunately it is true that before Enrons collapse, senior executives at the American most prestigious financial institutions has conspired with Enrons top leaders to help them hide debt and exaggerate revenues through fictional oversea special-purpose entities. These financial institutions help create an easy way for those who want to have a good performance on book. Based on these factors,it is difficult for individuals to become a whistle blower which encourages these villains to go further. 1. 1. 2 High pressure from scorecard As we all know, corporate organization form separates ownership and control of the company, which distances shareholders from operation. Managers are charged with the responsibility for managing the business of the corporation by shareholders and should try their best to maximize the interest of shareholders. However, due to the unfair and ineffective performance judging system, managers in many organizations are clear that the only dimension on which they are being evaluated is their scorecards no matter how good the other subjective criteria are. Under the high pressure of unemployment, it can be argued that managers can pursue their own aims with impunity. The possibility arises that managers become entrenched and pursue improper goals that serve their own interest rather than the interest of shareholders as long as the numbers on their scorecards can be more â€Å"charming†. A convicted division vice president once claimed:I think we understood it was against the law, but the moral issue did not seem to be important at the time. As a(Robert Gandossy ,Jeffrey Sonnenfeld,2004,P12) result, it is more likely for managers to get caught in various misconducts and unethical lapses when the fringe benefits and promotion opportunities are directly related to these objective performance measures on the scorecards. 1. 1. 3 Organizational value system Organizational value system might be factor for the widespread of these unethical and illegal activities. Leaders of organizations have a great influence on employees’ understanding of success and attitude towards illicit behaviors. How leaders judge their subordinates’ performance will directly determine employees’ behaviors and value of worth. Leaders should clarify that profits or rate of return is not the only judgment of success. One of the largest shareholders and board members of a fortune 100 company once said:we did not do anything wrong, but it was not right either. It was wrong, but it was not purposefully wrong. (Robert Gandossy,Jeffrey Sonnenfeld. 004, P12)In this sense, benefits achieved through injustice and indecency should be strictly banned and avoided by leaders; otherwise, employees will only pursue interest by fair means or fouls, leading to various frauds, scandals, stock market manipulations, and so on. 1. 2 Internal factors 1. 2. 1 Moral sense Leaders with poor moral sense are often unethical and having poor or no social responsibility. I tota lly agree with Henry Ford’s century-old comment which is still meaningful and applicable to today’s poor moral climate:For a long time people believed that the only purpose of industry was to make a profit. Ideology and Historicism in Contemporary Literary EssayThe lack of integrity and credibility will not only cost them the trust from their partners, but also bring great damage to an organization’s reputation and benefits. To make matters worse, when they lose credibility from others because of their misconducts, they have no choice but continue to deceive for further interest, such as manipulating financial reporting by taking advantage of accounting loopholes. Self-centered leaders give priority to their own interest while ignoring the rights of shareholders, employees and customers. Their conscience has been eroded by money and power, their eyes have been blinded by greed and lust and their unethical pursuit of self-enrichment cost various companies and families incalculable loss. There were many examples to exemplify this phenomena which has been mentioned before such as Australian Wheat Board(AWB),Arthur Anderson,child labour abuse,and the disaster of 2003 crash of the space shuttle Columbia. With this kind of vicious circle,the organization will be destined to walking into the hell. 3. Followers response to leaders who abuse their power As followers , when we are controlled by leaders who abuse their power, we will find it really difficult for us to survive in the dilemma. People is not easily or even impossible to be changed, furthermore we are facing our leaders. When we have to challenge our leaders , we should identify the situation first and then decide what to do. 3. 1 Change yourself or tolerate continually If your boss is not so bad but hard to get along with due to the personality like introvert, a bit tyranny, or a little narcissism, you should adjust your mind to accustom yourself to his/her attitude since everybody has his/her own characters. But to make life easy,you should do some homework to know the boss deeper and do things in a way that he/she likes, hence you maybe get his/her trust. If it does not work, but you are comfortable with other things, you can choose to tolerate because you can not choose the leader. Albeit you can change a job, who can guarantee you a leader you like? Don t be impulsive, measure the gain and loss, then decide what to do next. 3. 2 Think about to leave It is more miserable if you serve a leader who is jealous. He/she will envy your ability, furthermore he/she will inhibit your individual development. Under the control of such kind of leader, you can not get more training and development in the organization which is not good for your future career. You should think about to find another job unless you just want this job and do not want to have further development. 3. 3 Communication is a two way process If your leader is poor at communication, there will be obstacles for you to continue your work. Maybe you can not change your leaders communication skill, however you can change your way of communication. People usually have the same reaction to what others say. Learn to think from the position of your leader, and change your way of reaction which is different from what he is imagining, it is possible for you to break the unpleasant situation and improve the communication between you two. 3. 4 Topple or leave The most serious grief is that your leader is a toxic leader who not only do things in improper or illegal way but entice you to join them as well. You will be trapped in real dilemma. These toxic leaders often promise followers the grand illusions to tempt the followers to do things which are immoral and even illegal. While we human being sometimes are vulnerable to resist the lure. As a result,the conspiracy between leaders and followers make the organization step forward to the destruction including all people involved. The real tragedy of the human condition is not that we all must die, but, rather, that we choose to live by grand illusions,rather than to face our fears. Hence, we fall into the clutches of toxic leaders who promise us the moon, knowing full well they cannot deliver. (Jean Lipman-Blumen,2005,P. 5) In reality, the moon is too far to achieve and it is not suitable for human to live on. We should identify the wrongdoing from right doing and keep ourselves cool that there is no free lunch in the world. We should say no to deviant command, otherwise we will finally culminate in tragedy. There are two basic options you can choose to escape the clutches of toxic leader, one is to capsize the leader, another is to leave. Before you decide to topple the leader you must know it is a very tough task. You need an elaborate plan and accurate documentation with supplementary and supportable data to persuade others. And you also should know the relationship between the toxic leader that you want to topple and the board members who you want to reveal the fraud to. When you find all your effort ends with nothing,you should consider the only left way that is to leave. Leaving is sometimes an rational strategy,particularly when you feel that the physical or psychological impact grows too great to bear and there is no opportunity for you to blow the whistle successfully and defeat the evil. At that time,leaving becomes the only way to preserve your integrity and protect your family, its probably the time to go. It is really a hard way for followers to go forward when their leaders indulge themselves in abusing their power. Conclusion: The organizational objective can not be achieved without power. However, organizations with leaders abusing their power are doomed to collapse . There are many challengers and temptations in the world. Whatever circumstances we are facing,we should always keep the moral code and basic values in our mindsets Once you cross the line,things are destined to be ended with tragedy. There is no fluke in the world,the truth will come up to surface sooner or later. The most safety way is that we must play all the games in principles and always remember not to cross the line. Albert Schweitzer said:You don t live in a world all your own. Your brothers are here, too. It tells us that everybody should burden the social responsibility to reward the world without which we can not live. Social organization should make an effort to stop the dysfunctional consequences of toxic leadership. It is valuable that some options are advocated by Jean Lipman-Blumenin such as term limit of leadership, Periodic 360 degree reviews of individual leaders, Respectable departure options, Open and democratic leadership selection processes, Constituencies educated to deal with their anxieties, protective mechanisms for whistle blowers. (Jean Lipman-Blumenin,2005) As followers we should have the courage to say no to those leaders who are unethical,irresponsible and abuse their powers. We should insist on principles and believe that integrity plus hard-working can conquer all dilemmas. Jon M. Huntsman ,the chairman and founder of Huntsman Corporation which is the worlds largest privately held chemical company wrote a book winners never cheat. This simple sentence tells us the unique way to achieve the perpetual success. Book References: 1. Richard L. Daft,Andrew Pirola-Merlo(2009). The leadership experience. Cengage Learning Australia 2. Robert Gandossy ,Jeffrey Sonnenfeld(Eds). (2004) Leadership and Governance from the inside out. John Wiley,Inc. 3. Jon M. Huntsamn(2009). Winners never cheat even in difficult times. Wharton School Publishing 4. Ana Maria ,David Crowther(2008). Ethics,Psyche and Responsibility. Ashgate. 5. Stephen K. Henn(2009). Business Ethics. John Wiley,Inc. 6. Robert Wearing(2005). Case in Corporate Governance. Sage publications. 7. Terry L. (2006) . Understanding Ethical Failures in Leadership. Cambridge university press 8. Vanket R Krishnan(2003). Power and moral leadership: role of self-other agreement. MCB UP Ltd. 9. Ralph Estes(1995) ,TYRANNY OF THE BOTTOM LINE why Corporations Make Good People Do bad Things,Berrett-Koehler Publishers. 10. Bob Johansen,2009,Leaders make the future . Berrett-Koehler Publishers Electronic References: . Kellerman, B. (2004). Bad Leadership: What It Is, How It Happens, Why it Matters. Retrieved March31 2010 from Harvard Business School www. hbsp. harvard. edu/ 2. Kimberly Alyn(2005). Top 10 signs of a bad supervisor. Retrieved April 2,2010,from www. Kimberly Alyn. com 3. Jean Lipman-Blumen(2005). The Allure of Toxic Leaders: Why Followers Rarely Escape Their Clutches. Retrieved April 2 2010, from www. iveybusinessjournal. com Website references: 1. http://www. enron. com 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Narcissism 3. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Power_(philosophy)

The Crimean War free essay sample

A study of the reasons why the European powers were unable to prevent the start of the Crimean War. The paper shows that the causes of the Crimean war all revolved around the decaying Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Question. The Ottoman Empire had grown too large and outstretched; it was getting impossible to control such a vast empire from the center and the Empire consisted of many different ethnic and religious people. The paper discusses each of the great powers of the time Russian, Britain, France, Austria and Sardinia and shows how each one in turn was unable to prevent the war. As Turkeys direct neighbor, Russia had a mixture of territorial, strategic, economic and religious reasons for their part in starting the Crimean War. Ever since the time of Peter the Great, Russia had dreamed of getting control of the Black Sea and gaining access to a warm water port in the Mediterranean. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crimean War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If Russia could gain access to the Black Sea, Mediterranean and Ottoman territory then it would vastly improve its economic, trade and shipping economies. If this were to happen Russia would also dominate the Near East making it the most dominant Great Power. The Russian Orthodox Church also laid claim to the Holy Lands, which would be vitally important in political and strategic terms to get a foothold in this area.

The Primary Causes of Terrorist Political Violence

Introduction The past decade has seen terrorism emerge as a serious threat to global security. The events of September 11, 2011 where terrorists devastated the city of New York especially highlighted the devastating effects of terrorism on social life. Since then, governments and scholars alike have tried to discover the underlying causes of terrorism by non-state actors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Primary Causes of Terrorist Political Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (NDRE) acknowledges that discussions on the causes of terrorism are controversial with different people seeing various underlying causes as the primary causes of terrorism (7). Trying to perceive the major motives of terrorist organizations is paramount to understanding and responding to terrorism (United Nations General Assembly 1). This paper sets out to determine what the primary reas ons for terrorist political violence in the modern world are. This paper asserts that terrorists carry out political violence primarily due to identity grievances of religion, culture, and ethnicity. I will show that identity grievances are the major causes of terrorism by analyzing some of the most prominent terrorist organizations in the world. Next, I will offer some counterarguments that claim that economic grievances are the primary motivators for terrorism and proceed to rebut these counterarguments through examples. The paper will conclude with a summary of the points made and a discussion of the implications of the arguments made. Identity Grievances as the Primary cause of Terrorism Religion Religion is the most important motivation for terrorists in our era. Brown notes that religion has emerged as â€Å"the predominant impetus for terrorist attacks† with present day terrorists demonstrating an increase in fanaticism (33). The fanaticism of the new terrorism has mad e it more dangerous and unpredictable with targets chosen in an indiscriminate fashion. Berman and David assert that religious terrorism has built on the already strong affiliations that individuals seek with their religion (1945). In a clash between the religious beliefs and those of the state or a foreign power, the religious beliefs are likely to triumph and garner the support of the majority. While religious grievances are not restricted to any one religion, Islam has stood out as the religion most inclined to use violence to highlight their grievances. Islamic Fundamentalism has led to the creation and proliferation of terror organizations such as Hamas and Al-Qaeda (Lutz and Brenda 132).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These organizations use an overt religiosity to justify and rationalize all forms of violence that they commit against innocent people. Brown reveals tha t by use of clerical guidance and Islamic scriptures, these groups are able to rationalize their acts of terror and elicit the support of the public (34). Because of their religious convictions, terrorists are able to carry out acts of religious violence such as suicide bombings. The most devastating act of terrorism, the attack on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001, were carried out by suicidal terrorists who were willing to kill themselves for an expressed religious duty (Sabucedo and Corte 557). The surge of Islamic terrorism in the Middle East aimed against the perceived theft of Arab resources by the Western world is justified through religious grounds where foreign companies are deemed to be defiling Muslim land (NDRE 26). The Taliban, which emerged as a liberating force in Afghanistan during the 1990s, emphasized on religion as the basis for its actions and authority. The first 12,000 recruits for this terrorist organization were â€Å"students from the religious schools of the radical Islamic Juma’at al Islamiya of Pakistan†. The Taliban case demonstrates the potency of religion since in this case, a group of less than 1000 religious students with little military experience were able to create an effective militia that at its peak controlled 90% of Afghanistan and caused trouble for Western forces (Berman and David 1946). Culture Cultural grievances have served as major causes of terrorism in the world. Culture plays a major role in the lives of individual since it influences the manner in which people behave, what they think and how they respond to what they encounter every day. A person’s understanding of life is greatly informed by his cultural influences since culture defines the rules by which the society lives by and the things that are considered important. Culture dictates the manner in which people view and relate with issues such as race, gender, sexuality, age, and religion. That is why individuals from a traditional Arabic culture might be offended by sexual conduct or orientations that are permissible in Western countries. Cultural homogenization, which aims at integrating different cultures into one whole, has been responsible for much strive among individuals of differing cultural backgrounds (Sherman and Terry 23). Kuran and Sandholm highlight that conflicts can develop when people are presented with and forced to conform to cultures they do not approve of (221). This is evident in most of the Arabic nations where some aspects of Western culture are viewed negatively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Primary Causes of Terrorist Political Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The prevalent culture contributes to the engagement in terrorism activities by community members. This observation is supported by the fact that terrorist behaviors are likely to be perpetuated in areas where political strife and actual terro rist activity are already commonplace. Victoroff documents that the culture of public glorification of terrorists in regions such as the Middle East has led to many youths seeking to engage in terrorism (18). It is hard to stop terrorism in a culture where songs celebrating the exploits of suicide terrorists who are hailed as heroes and martyrs of the people (18) are made. Hamas, arguably the deadliest terrorist organization in Palestine, engages in terrorism partly due to cultural grievances. Berman and David observe that this organization was formed to fight the â€Å"insidious force of assimilation into materialism Western culture† (1946). The organization emphasized on the supremacy of Islamic cultural practices and prohibited practices such as gambling, consuming of alcohol, and adultery. The group was able to gain significant public support due to this focus on cultural practices that are endorsed by the Muslim community. Ethnicity Ethnicity acts as a direct cause of te rrorism particularly when discontent and perceptions of injustice exist within an identifiable sub-group of the population. When such a group has no means of political participation, it might resort to terrorism as a means of airing its grievances. Engene observes that ethnicity is based on â€Å"distinctions between groups of people in terms of common ancestry or history, or shared linguistic, religious or even racial characteristics† (36). Research indicates that terrorism is more likely to take place in states that are experiencing ethnic tension. Ethnic polarization leads to a division among people based on their differences and peculiarities leading to a formation of bonds of loyalty between groups in society (Cohen 1). The probability of ethnicity serving as the basis for terrorism is high especially in societies where resources are divided inequitably amongst communities. Ethnic terrorism, if not effectively dealt with, might lead to full-scale civil war (Kirwin and Wo nbin 2).  Byman observes that Ethnic terrorists attempt to â€Å"influence rival groups and hostile governments by forging alliances based on some ethnic identity and fostering ethnic mobility† (150). The communal bonds created by ethnic terrorism make it very dangerous and hard to fight.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When governments take up action against the ethnic terrorists, the perceived persecution that follows gives the ethnic terrorists the much needed public attention and leads to increased support for their cause. Ethnic terrorism presents a major threat since any reaction to it by the government could heighten awareness of the terrorist’s cause and increase their support therefore making them even more dangerous than they were before (O’Boyle 27). The case of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) of Sri Lankan demonstrates the significance of ethnicity in terrorism. This group was created in 1976, engaged in terrorist activity with the aim of seceding from Sri Lanka and forming an independent state for the Tamil people. Hanley, Kongdan and Caroline document that the ethnic strife sparked by government policy led to the popularity of the LTTE (13). In a bid to create a monoethnic Tamil state, the LTTE engaged in acts of terror against civilian and ethnic cleansing o perations. In spite of the atrocities carried out by the Tamil population, this terror group continued to receive the support of Tamils in Sri Lanka and abroad, demonstrating the great role that ethnicity plays in political violence. Counterarguments Poverty Proponents of economic grievances as the primary cause of terrorism declare that rampant poverty predisposes people to engaging in terrorism. They argue that the income inequality experienced in some countries leads to political violence by the lower classes as a form of protest against their economic condition. This suggestion is supported by studies that indicate that there is a correlation between support for political violence, and personal economic well-being with individuals with lower GDP are likely to support a revolt compared to those with higher GDPs (NDRE 28). Solimano notes that the risk of terrorism incidents decreases as the level of economic development in a country increases (19). Such studies propose that econom ic deprivation makes it easy for people to turn to terrorism in order to protest their conditions or make a living.  The economic motivation of terrorists has also been called into question considering the fact that some of the most infamous terrorist organizations are very well funded and organized. Even individual terrorists sometimes come from affluent families. For example, the world’s most renowned terrorist, Osama Bin Laden did not come from a poor background but rather from a rich family that had connections to the Saudi royal family (Mamdani 770). Further negating poverty as a cause of terrorism, Benmelech, Claude and Esteban reveal that many suicide bombers in the Middle East come from privileges backgrounds and it is inconceivable that their terrorist activities are motivated by financial considerations (114). The incidents of terrorism in Latin America both during and after the Cold War years are also proof enough that economic conditions are not the main cause o f terrorism. Many Latin American countries were faced with multiple incidents of terrorism perpetrated against the state (Salimano 23). Scholars blamed these acts on the Cold War, which had led to poor economies and economic inequalities. However, terrorism incidents continued to prevail even after the end of the Cold War. Researchers therefore contend that there is no association between economic conditions and incidents of terrorism in Latin America (Feldmann and Maiju 101). Unemployment Some scholars suggest that high unemployment rates and a lack of job prospects even among the educated are the root causes of political terrorism rather than identity grievances. High unemployment leads to resentment of authority by the many people who are unable to make a living due to the poor economic conditions that exist. Enders and Hoover argue that unemployed people might perceive that others limit their economic prospects and therefore turn to terrorism as a way to protest this (267). Unem ployment also fosters terrorism by creating a large human pool from which terrorist organizations can recruit. Benmelech, Claude and Esteban document that when unemployment rates are high, there are more educated and mature people willing to take up terrorism and act as suicide terrorists (116). This argument is reinforced by revelations by Tawil that the crumbling economy in Yemen has led to high rates of unemployment, which has made it easier for Al-Qaeda elements to find sympathizers in the country. Even when unemployment is rife, it is ideological grievances that encourage acts of terrorism. This point can best be elaborated upon by comparing the terrorism rates in an impoverished country like Haiti and the Middle East. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world and the country’s economy has been in disarray due to the political instability suffered by the country for decades. The country has an unemployment rate of over 50% and even the employed few have very low -income levels. In spite of this rampant poverty and unemployment, the citizens of Haiti do not engage in terrorism to air their grievances. On the contrary, Palestinians engage in acts of terrorism against the Israelis. The religious component among the Palestinians explains their tendencies to resort to terrorism. Capella and Emile state that while tactics such as suicide terrorism are not confined to religious groups; religion offers significant motivation and increases the willingness of the terrorist to sacrifice themselves for their cause (277). Conclusion This essay addressed the primary reasons for terrorist political violence in the world and argued that terrorists carry out political violence primarily due to identity grievances of religion, culture, and ethnicity. Through this paper, I showed that religion is the major motivator for some of the most infamous terrorist organizations in the world. I also proved that cultural grievances serve as a major cause of terrorism, e specially in the Middle East where some Western cultural practices are abhorred. The essay demonstrated that ethnicity also contributes to terrorism since it divides people along some shared characteristics and leads to polarization. Preventing terrorism means dealing with the primary causes and for this to occur; these causes have to be articulated. Once the primary grievances are identified, it is possible for effective preventative measures to be adopted. The arguments made in this paper have important implications for the development of successful counterterrorism measures and policies by governments. Research needs to be pursued on measures through which this primary grievances can be alleviated and therefore mitigate the incidents of terrorism in the world. Works Cited Benmelech, Efraim, Claude Berrebi, and Esteban F. Klor. â€Å"Economic Conditions and the Quality of Suicide Terrorism.† The Journal of Politics 74.1 (2012): 113-28. Print. Berman, Eli, and David D. Laiti n. â€Å"Religion, Terrorism and Public Goods: Testing the Club Model.† Journal of Public Economics 92.10 (2008): 1942-67. Web. Brown, Cody. The New Terrorism Debate. Turkish Journal of International Relations 6.4 (2009): 28-43. Print. Byman, Daniel. The logic of ethnic terrorism. Studies in conflict Terrorism 21.1 (1998): 149-169. Web. Capella, Matthew B., and Emile Sahliyeh. â€Å"Suicide Terrorism: Is Religion the Critical Factor?† Security Journal 20.4 (2007): 267-83. Web. Cohen, David. The war on Terrorism. Mar. 2009. Web. Enders, W., and GA Hoover. â€Å"The Nonlinear Relationship between Terrorism and Poverty.† American Economic Review 102.3 (2012): 267-72. Print. Engene, Oskar. Terrorism In Western Europe: Explaining The Trends Since 1950. NY: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2004. Print. Feldman, Andreas E., and Maiju Perà ¤là ¤. â€Å"Reassessing the Causes of Nongovernmental Terrorism in Latin America.† Latin American Politics and Society 46.2 (2004 ): 101-32. Print. 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Terror, Culture, Politics: Rethinking 9/11. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2006. Print. Solimano, A. Political Violence and Economic Development in Latin America: Issues and Evidence. Geneva: United Nations Publication, 2004. Print. Tawil, Camille. â€Å"London conference on Yemen tackles root causes of terrorism.† Al Shorfa. N.p., 28 Jan. 2010. Web. United Nations General Assembly. As Debate Concludes, Delegates Urge Capacity-building Partnerships, Eradication of Root Causes in Fight against Terrorism. 9. Oct. 2012. Web. Victoroff, Jeff. â€Å"The Mind of the Terrorist: A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches.† The Journal of Conflict Resolution 49.1 (2005): 3-42. Print. This essay on The Primary Causes of Terrorist Political Violence was written and submitted by user Trey Love to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.